The Genealogical Proof Standard
Page last updated: 04 Feb 2010
Proof is a fundamental concept in genealogy. In order to merit confidence, each conclusion about an ancestor must have sufficient credibility to be accepted as "proved." Acceptable conclusions, therefore, meet the Genealogical Proof Standard (GPS). The GPS consists of five elements:
- a reasonably exhaustive search;
- complete and accurate source citations;
- analysis and correlation of the collected information;
- resolution of any conflicting evidence; and
- a soundly reasoned, coherently written conclusion.
Each element contributes to a conclusion's credibility in a different way, described in the table below, but all the elements are necessary to establish proof.
Element of the GPS Contribution to Credibility Reasonably exhaustive search - Assumes examination of a wide range of high quality sources
- Minimizes the probability that undiscovered evidence will overturn a too-hasty conclusion
Complete and accurate citation of sources - Demonstrates the extent of the search and the quality of the sources
- Allows others to replicate the steps taken to reach the conclusion. (Inability to replicate the research casts doubt on the conclusion.)
Analysis and correlation of the collected information - Facilitates sound interpretation of the data contributed by each source
- Ensures that the conclusion reflects all the evidence
Resolution of conflicting evidence. - Substantiates the conclusion's credibility. (If conflicting evidence is not resolved, a credible conclusion is not possible.)
Soundly reasoned, coherently written conclusion. - Eliminates the possibility that the conclusion is based on bias, preconception, or inadequate appreciation of the evidence
- Explains how the evidence led to the conclusion
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